Competitive Space Technologies in US

In the twentieth century people learnt to use the outer space and enjoyed the benefits of this use. However, in the twenty-first century many states are more concerned about the fact that â€Å"the same technologies that benefit humanity are pressed into service as weapons† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 159). The development of space technology in the USA and the U.S. Space Policy brought these concerns to the fore.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Space Technologies in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that nowadays the outer space is already inhabited by more than 500 satellites which are used for military purposes, e.g. for communication, imaging and meteorology (jonlottman 2008). The USA is one of the leaders of the space technology and it is trying to find new ways of exploring and using the outer space. In 2006 National Space Policy (NSP) was unveiled. Reporte dly, it can be regarded by other states â€Å"as highly nationalistic at best and aggressively militaristic at worst† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 161). In fact, the new NSP â€Å"treats space as one more potential battlefield† and is aimed at defending the US national security. Nevertheless, the line between military defense and attack is almost absent especially when it deals with the outer space. Admittedly, all states try to develop their space technology to keep up with such countries as the USA, or Russia and China. For instance, Iran launched Omid satellite in February 2009 (Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report 2010). Such projects are often regarded by many states as a potential threat to the security of each country and the peace in the world. For instance, at the 2002 Carnegie International Nonproliferation Conference scientists and specialists from many countries discussed the issues of space weaponization. Weaponization is defined as â€Å"the acti ve application of force in space to either terrestrial or space based targets† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 166). The participants of the conference revealed their concerns about the development of space technologies and their use by the USA and other countries. It was also mentioned that the U.S. policy makes other countries develop their own space technologies.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Admittedly, this can lead to space weapon proliferation and can become a real threat to humanity. In spite of the fact that the US administration officials declare that the USA is against weapon proliferation, when it deals with the space the US policy is quite inconsistent since the state â€Å"explicitly voted against† treaties â€Å"banning space weapons† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 166). The major claim of the US officials can be expressed with the help of th e statement of Christine Rocca, U.S. Ambassador: â€Å"†¦we continue to believe that there is no arms race in space, and therefore no problem for arms control to solve† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 167). Such position leads to certain tension. It goes without saying that weapon proliferation is a potential threat if at least one state is developing space technology in military purposes. For instance, the US policy is a kind of stimulus for other countries to develop their space technology to defend themselves from potential threats. There can be no balance in the world where some countries go further in weaponization. In conclusion, the use of space technology by the USA is often an example for other states to develop their space technology. Whereas several decades ago the outer space was used for imaging, communication and entertainment, now it is regarded as a potential battlefield. It is important to state that many countries express their concern about space wea ponization and try to work out strategies aimed at diminishing weapon proliferation. Nevertheless, it is necessary to stress that each state should follow the principles of nonproliferation and disarmament, since otherwise proliferation cannot be stopped. Reference List Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. 2010. February,  https://www.defense.gov/ . Johnson-Freese, Joan and Thomas M. Nichols. 2007. † Space, Security, and the New Nuclear Triad.† Brown Journal of World Affairs XIV, no. 1 (Fall/Winter): 159-172.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Space Technologies in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More jonlottman. 2008. â€Å"The Proliferation Threat #6 of 6: Weapons in Space.† Youtube, July 2,  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrwrR6DElRE . This essay on Competitive Space Technologies in US was written and submitted by user Leonard Nash to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Psychological & Biological Interpretations For Filicide

Psychological and Biological Interpretations for Filicide The objective of this paper is to summarize the articles â€Å"Mom Held in Killing 5 Kids,† â€Å"5 Kids Found in Clear Lake,† and â€Å"Not Without Precedent,† summarize the author’s conclusions and arguments, discuss personal persuasion or lack of persuasion concerning the author’s arguments, and lastly to interpret the articles and arguments from that of a psychologist and biologist’s point of view concerning the deviant act of filicide. In 1999, Andrea Pia Yates was charged with the deaths of her five children. She drowned them at home in the bathtub. She openly admitted, â€Å"She (I) had killed her (my) kids†(Glenn, Rendon, & Bernstein, 2001:1). Later she was accused of capitol murder-multiple accounts and if the court finds her guilty she could possibly receive the death penalty. Yates’ husband, Russell E. Yates told police that she had been treated for postpartum depression for the last two years. He also told police that he would frequently have to â€Å"check on her well-being†(Glenn, Rendon, & Bernstein, 2001:2). Previously to this incident, Yates had tried to take her own life. The authors conclude their articles by exaggerating the disbelief that Yates had committed this crime, yet contrary to the way the media sensationalizes our news, multiple instances of filicide throughout the country were also listed. By detailing numerous other cases similar to that of the Yates scenario, the media made the public aware that filicide is not a new type of deviance and that there may be legitimate explanations for its cause, because of the deviant’s state of mind at that time being. Persuasion by the author’s arguments came from the realization that this was not the first instance of filicide. The enlightenment of this fact caused new light to shed upon the Yates’ case. Previously, when hearing about this incident on the news and reading about it in the... Free Essays on Psychological & Biological Interpretations For Filicide Free Essays on Psychological & Biological Interpretations For Filicide Psychological and Biological Interpretations for Filicide The objective of this paper is to summarize the articles â€Å"Mom Held in Killing 5 Kids,† â€Å"5 Kids Found in Clear Lake,† and â€Å"Not Without Precedent,† summarize the author’s conclusions and arguments, discuss personal persuasion or lack of persuasion concerning the author’s arguments, and lastly to interpret the articles and arguments from that of a psychologist and biologist’s point of view concerning the deviant act of filicide. In 1999, Andrea Pia Yates was charged with the deaths of her five children. She drowned them at home in the bathtub. She openly admitted, â€Å"She (I) had killed her (my) kids†(Glenn, Rendon, & Bernstein, 2001:1). Later she was accused of capitol murder-multiple accounts and if the court finds her guilty she could possibly receive the death penalty. Yates’ husband, Russell E. Yates told police that she had been treated for postpartum depression for the last two years. He also told police that he would frequently have to â€Å"check on her well-being†(Glenn, Rendon, & Bernstein, 2001:2). Previously to this incident, Yates had tried to take her own life. The authors conclude their articles by exaggerating the disbelief that Yates had committed this crime, yet contrary to the way the media sensationalizes our news, multiple instances of filicide throughout the country were also listed. By detailing numerous other cases similar to that of the Yates scenario, the media made the public aware that filicide is not a new type of deviance and that there may be legitimate explanations for its cause, because of the deviant’s state of mind at that time being. Persuasion by the author’s arguments came from the realization that this was not the first instance of filicide. The enlightenment of this fact caused new light to shed upon the Yates’ case. Previously, when hearing about this incident on the news and reading about it in the...

APN Professional Development Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

APN Professional Development Plan - Coursework Example The APN development plan involves the practising nurses in America. The development plan will be limited to the register nurses who have acquired masters’ degree. The development focuses on the APN who have completed three years practising as nurses. The development plan is aimed to make sure that APNs are more competed and provide sufficient care to the patients. The scope of APN practise composes of the integrative, technical abilities and cognitive of the registered and qualified nurse to practise safe and ethical acts, protocols, procedures and practical guidelines. In respect to education, an APN must have a post graduate education in the field of nursing or in nursing. For effectiveness in work place the advance practising nurse are equipped with clinical education, skills, scope and knowledge of practise in nursing. The APN clinical practise is based on scientific matters and applicable to secondary, primary and tertiary settings of health care practise. The role of the APN involves the peer education and dimension of patient, clinical leadership and mentorship (Stanley, 2010). In work APN applies an integration of theory, experience and practise together with autonomy in intervention and judgement. The post graduate education is indented to teach the nurse to apply different approaches to manage individual’s or group’s care, make decision and collaborate effectively with the client in order to get the best outcome. The APN has four areas of specialization which a nurse is required to undertake. The specialization includes nurse anaesthetists, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives and clinical nurse specialists. The nurse anaesthetists are registered in United States under the certified registered nurse or CRNAs. The nurse midwives are registered under the CNMs certified nurse midwives in United States. Each nurse is allowed to concentrate in a certain speciality in healthcare. The APN roles are regulated and controlled by a specific

Creative Writing Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Writing Proposal - Assignment Example I will portray Tamara as a sensible girl with average looks, with maybe one or two outstanding features besides the fact that is a traditionalist. Her unusual knack to be cool, calm and relaxed makes her the voice of reason to her parents and even her friends. Aside from her family Tamara has a social life which she builds up gradually from her high school and university life. Most significantly there is Agatha, whose previous life was ‘dark’ until the day she became a Christian, she is very religious but does not judge Tamara because of her religious believes. On the other hand there is Rajab. He is a young Muslim man living with his Brother Yusuf. They fight a lot because Rajab does not pay much attention to his religion unlike his brother. And they are both secretly attracted to Tamara. I think I will want to portray Rajab as a comic for two reasons. One is to break the whole intensity and monotony of having religion as a theme and secondly to widen contrast between h im and his brother. Though based in Birmingham, I will do a number of researches on Ethiopia, to know their culture in terms of religious practices, their social life and cuisine. This is important because the main characters family is originally from Ethiopia.

Network Intrusion Detection Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Network Intrusion Detection Systems - Essay Example These intrusion systems have been designed using various techniques. The intrusion system designed with the help of classification technique is the popular ones as it provides more security to the systems in which it is installed. The classification technique is used to classify the type of attack the system faces. (Base 2000).The intrusion system has the responsibility of protecting the system and preventing the attacks. According to Mun the intrusion detection system works well only if the system is selected based on the type of network. The intrusion detection system must be selected to suit the network. There are various types of networks and the system must make sure that it satisfies the network's requirements. The classification technique is used in the intrusion systems to classify and divide the attacks and threats. (Mun 2009).This technique is preferred by most of the network administrators due to its compatibility and efficiency. The intrusion systems work well only when the network's requirements are satisfied. The intrusion detection systems are generally classified into network based intrusion detection systems and host based intrusion detection systems. Network based intrusion system makes use of classification technique since it offers more protection when compared to the other techniques. The systems which are built using classification technique protect each layer of the network. The Ethernet of IP and the other layers are protected and they can be free from intruders. (Northcutt, Noval 2003).Since the classification technique based intrusion detection systems

Theories Of Personality: Albert Einstein

Theories Of Personality: Albert Einstein This paper will discuss about the life of Albert Einstein and how the different theories of the personality are applied on his life. Like the theory of Maslow in which he describes the five needs of the human beings and the big five model. Certainly, he was mentally a very strong person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German government. Finally, he would not have been a famous and genius man of the 20th century if he were not conscientiousness. The theory of Erickson describes the psycho-social improvement through eight different periods. According to this theory, each level focuses on a subject, or calamity, that is particularly important at his that span of life. By applying the theory of Erickson on Einsteins psycho-social improvement at the very end of his life, we could possibly comprehend that his life was wonderful and playful. The intelligence of Einstein was specially called the logical-mathematical intelligence. Certainly, Einstein formed the theories based on the observations, and on the logical reasoning. Take For instant, some scientists thought while Albert Einstein was still working in government grant office, he experimented that many of the people that were coming inside and out the office on the certain time. Albert Einstein was not very confident or competent in his early life, he even started talking very late then any other normal person but in the later life he became very confident and he achieved a lot by the validations of the theories that he proposed. Trait Theory: According to Douglas, the majority of people illustrate others by referring to their sociable, thoughts, actions, feelings and needs. All these points are called personal traits that tend to assist to express how a person generally thinks and then behave. There are two diverse trait theories that are given later in this paper. Firstly, the trait theory utilizes a factor-analytic technique that is organized in five essential factors that are: Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism These trait theories complement each other to assist us get additional understanding of the personality of Albert Einstein. While focusing on the factors of the big five model, Einstein was an extremely non-open person in the early childhood. When he was three years old, he could not yet talk, and he really hated playing music especially playing piano. Nevertheless, he became more open when he became an adult man. He used to be enjoyed by art; he also used to play music as his preference and got interested about nature. He was very introverted, he did not really liked to talk to others. Every scientific work was done by him. And this could possibly be the reason that clarifies that why he gave divorce to his wife. However, in the end days of his life, he was pretty much more active and he joined many organizations that confined the peace and the human rights. He had a very strong agreeableness that could be seen by his love and his passion, along with his fights for freedom and peace of the world. He was not very neurotic because he had by no means concern about the certainty of his theories that were not agreed upon by almost all of the scientists of 20th century, but he still struggled, fought and proved to the humanity the truth. Certainly, he was mentally a very strong person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German government. Finally, he would not have been a famous and genius man of the 20th century if he were not conscientiousness. Because he created new theories, he should have been very structured and well-versed in each theme. Secondly, the trait theory utilizes the biological features that are recognized as: Introversion Extraversion Emotionality Stability. Connecting to the 2nd trait theory, Albert Einstein seemed not to fit in any specific area of the sphere e.g. Introverted Extraverted and Emotional Stability. He was very submissive, thoughtful, easygoing, peaceful and active. We could easily see it all the way through his personal living. For instant, he on no account cared how people thought about his presentation, his hair or the clothes. Einstein had the unsurprising trait patterns that represent the multifaceted personality. Neo-Freudian Theory: The theory of Erickson describes the psycho-social improvement through eight different periods. According to this theory, each level focuses on a subject, or calamity, that is particularly important at his that span of life. By applying the theory of Erickson on Einsteins psycho-social improvement at the very end of his life, we could possibly comprehend that his life was wonderful and playful. Albert Einstein displayed self-actualization in dedicating his life for society and science. The scientific creativity of Einstein was intensely connected with the societal development and was an enormous part of his history. The theory of Erickson will terminate that at the older age, Einstein lived a very meaningful life and he was prepared to countenance death with approval and pride. Nevertheless, Einstein apparently was not satisfied by his life although he had completed a lot of work. At the same time, as in the last days, when he was in hospital, he spoke something to the nurse in German before going to sleep forever. A lot of scientists said that Einstein may talk about the quantums theory for the achievement to that nurse, but regrettably she did not appreciated German. Therefore, when at the time when Einstein was about to death, we might also see the confliction between honesty versus despair. (Cunny, 1960). A lot of people had doubt and questioned that how Einstein was so good and intelligent. After the death of Einstein, doctors managed a surgery on his head and did not found out any dissimilarity between his brains with a normal persons brain. According to the theory of Gardner, everyone governs a special intellect which is articulated in different situate of skills (Language, Thought, Intelligence 285). The intelligence of Einstein was specially called the logical-mathematical intelligence. Certainly, Einstein formed the theories based on the observations, and on the logical reasoning. Take For instant, some scientists thought while Albert Einstein was still working in government grant office, he experimented that many of the people that were coming inside and out the office on the certain time. He observed that the time and space in the place of work that were linked and by the reasonable thinking, his common relativity theory was recognized (Cunny, 1960). In other viewpoint, Sternberg Triarchic theory also integrated three diverse types of intelligence that are: Analytic Creative Practical Einsteins science efforts were based on logical intelligence. He also used diagnostic thought to resolve the physics problems. And He may also have realistic intelligence because he was worried that a lonesome man in science that can only work alone and observe the subjects through his uneven experience in life. For example, he disliked rote learning in schools, so that he can get experience and studied math by his individuality. Generally, both theories clarified the types of intelligence of Albert Einstein splendidly and it gave us more thoughts about our particular intelligences which we have not thought about ever before. Psychoanalytic Theory: This theory by Sigmund Freud explains that the psyche of human beings is divided in two structures that are the conscious and the unconscious mind of a person. However, the mind of a person has three parts that are: Id Ego The Super-Ego had been such a progressive messenger and he had said about how significant thoughts are that a person can never get any of the revolutionary ideas if he keeps on thinking the same thoughts that he thought before. A person has to think different thoughts in order to progress in life. The ego is part of the individual structure and it will be with us when we dwell in the sphere of the substantial and live inside this concept as we know of it as time since the ego only survive in our past reminiscences or our future thoughts. The ego cannot exist in the present moment of now. When we go back to the area of the absolute, all reverse to the care that is the center of our living being and the ego vanishes because we are one time again in full information that we are with the foundation of all that survive and there is no idea such as time. There is only the current instant of now and the ego can not survive in this surroundings. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs: The hierarchy of needs include all the physiological, psychological, belonging, esteem needs and the need for self-actualization. 5.1. Physiological Need: The physiological needs include the needs like air, water, food, shelter and safety etc. Albert Einstein was not very social in his early life but by the end of his life, he became more social, started interacting with people more often because of the safety of not being lonesome. There are two ways to live your life. He also believed that there are only two ways by which a person can live his life. One is if you believe that nothing is a miracle and the other is when you believe that everything is a miracle. 5.2. Psychological Need: Probably psychological needs enable us to prosper rather than just survive; this can be seen in terms of excess energy just like economic magnificence can also be seen in terms of over capital. The majority of the people on the planet earth waste most of the time while struggling to satisfy their survival needs and so they then have a very little time spare to enjoy luxury of pleasing the psychological needs of understanding and knowing. Einstein was a very intelligent man and he did not believed in miracles. The theories he proposed were not accepted by other scientists but he was psychologically very strong and determined that he was right and soon everyone was found of him. 5.3 Belonging Need: Even when Einstein was a very young child, he valued solitude, in 1930 he remembered and said that he was a true lone traveler and he have never belonged to his country, his home, his friends, and even his instantaneous family with his whole heart and as a matter of fact, he had never lost the sense of coldness and the need for solitude, and the feelings that increase with the years and time. (qtd in Cassidy 64). 5.4 Esteem Need: There are of two types of Esteem needs that are: Internal esteem needs that can include the need for self- respect, competence, confidence, freedom and achievement. External esteem needs can include the needs for recognition, status, power, admiration and attention. Albert Einstein was not very confident or competent in his early life, he even started talking very late then any other normal person but in the later life he became very confident and he achieved a lot by the validations of the theories that he proposed. On the other hand, he also received a lot attention and admiration throughout his life and was very famous among the people. 5. 5 Self- Actualization: Albert Einstein displayed self-actualization in dedicating his life for society and science. The scientific creativity of Albert Einstein was intensely related with the societal development and was an enormous part of his history. Conclusion: These trait theories complement each other to assist us get additional understanding of the personality of Albert Einstein. While focusing on the factors of the big five model, Einstein was an extremely non-open person in the early childhood. Certainly, Einstein was mentally a very strong person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German government. Finally, he would not have been a famous and genius man of the 20th century if he were not conscientiousness. Because he created new theories, he should have been very structured and well-versed in each theme. Albert Einstein was not very confident or competent in his early life, he even started talking very late then any other normal person but in the later life he became very confident and he achieved a lot by the validations of the theories that he proposed. On the other hand, he also received a lot attention and admiration throughout his life and was very famous among the people. The scientific creativity of Albert Einstein was intensely related with the societal development and was an enormous part of his history. Probably psychological needs enable us to prosper rather than just survive; this can be seen in terms of excess energy just like economic magnificence can also be seen in terms of over capital. Einstein was a very intelligent man and he did not believed in miracles. The theories he proposed were not accepted by other scientists but he was psychologically very strong and determined that he was right and soon everyone was found of him. Gender Selection: Ethical Dilemma Gender Selection: Ethical Dilemma 1.0 INTRODUCTION â€Å"Over the course of human history, the gender of a newborn child has mostly been a surprise and an uncontrollable aspect of the lifecycle† (Akchurin and Kartzke 2012). However, with advances in reproduction technologies nowadays such as in-vitro fertilization and testing embryos for abnormalities, parents can not only know the gender of their offspring before birth, but it is also possible for them to choose the gender of the child before it is being implanted in the womb (Cloonman et al. 2007). Since decades, the practice of identifying fetal sex during pregnancy has existed and it was first introduced in the 1970s (WHO 2012). While prenatal sex selection was once considered to be unique to India and China, the practice now exists in the Asian, European and African countries, especially with the prevalence of ultrasound, being more affordable to middle-class and even lower-class families (Miller 2001). Although gender selection has been beneficial to a large extent to so ciety, questions about its ethicality are often raised and it remains a highly controversial issue. Therefore, the following points below emphasises on the arguments for and against in a bid to provide a balanced debate as to whether selecting the gender of a child before birth should be allowed or not 2.0 ARGUMENTS FOR MOTIVATIONS UNDERLYING SEX SELECTION 2.1 Prevention of selective abortion and infanticide Throughout history, gender selection has been practiced after birth by the abandonment or killing of unwanted infants or before birth by selective abortion. However, these ruthless practices still exist in some countries. One of the main causes is due to deep-rooted cultural factors present in countries like India and China (Jones 1992) which strongly affect gender preferences. For instance, in China, the Government has adopted the one-child policy and for the case of India, most Indian’s parents mostly pray for a baby boy for cultural factors such as inheritance of property, family name to their heirs and their contribution to economic activity (Bhaskar and Gupta 2007). Therefore, by allowing parents to choose the sex of their offspring before pregnancy and eventually allow them to get their desired offspring, this will not only prevent them from committing sins like infanticide and selective abortion, but also avoid negative cultural implications. 2.2 Family Balancing Gender selection is also considered as ethical when it is used for â€Å"Family balancing† purposes (Bhaskar 2010). As Cline (2007) claimed, families that already have one or more children of a particular sex may feel like selecting the gender of their next offspring in order to â€Å"balance the gender ratio† of their family. Data indicate that couples who are expecting a baby, but already have a daughter, prefer to have recourse to gender selection methods so as to ensure that their next child would be a boy (Hesketh and Zing 2006). Thus, this argument is justified when considering the fact that having children of different sex in a family is beneficial to the society (Akchurin and Kartzkey 2012). 2.3 Freedom of choice If the latest technology in gender selection exists, then parents believe that they should have the reproductive right to select the gender make-up of their family given that no impairment is being caused to the society by their decision (Harris 1997). Article 16 (1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that: Men and women of full age†¦ have the right to marry and to found a family and this right also implies that they have the right to make choices over how their family should be formed(U.N. 1948). 2.4 Sex-linked genetic diseases For families who are prone to get sex-linked genetic diseases like â€Å"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, hemophilia, Cooleys anemia, Downs syndrome†, and more than 400 other diseases (Jones 1992), pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) prevent them from conceiving a baby with the risk of developing a severe illness and avoid abortion or premature death (Silverman 2005). Therefore, in this case, the use of PGD for a medical purpose is an ethical practice. 3.0 ARGUMENT AGAINST SEX SELECTION 3.1 Children designed to specifications A popular criticism of gender selection is its use for non-medical reasons. Children are being considered as consumer products or toys designed to specifications in a bid to satisfy parents (Akchurin and Kartzke 2012). The latter are using money and technology to fulfill superficial desires and soon they will want to choose the eye or hair colour, skin tone and eventually the career of their offspring, thus leading to the creation of a â€Å"designer baby†. Besides, parents may not be aware that in trying to customize their babies, this may lead to the development of other undesirable traits; low intelligence, birth defects, the passing of hereditary diseases, or even genetic disorders. 3.2 Natural Selection Having a child is a natural phenomenon, full of wonder, but however, doctors, and to an extent parents, are â€Å"playing God† by choosing the gender of their child (Leung 2004). Children should not be loved because of who they are, not because they are exactly what we wanted of them (Stein 2004). Reproductive technologies were developed with the intention to cure diseases, but choosing the gender of a child before pregnancy is not a disease. Thus, by allowing sex choice for non-medical reasons, this can have harmful implications on the society as this will encourage selective abortion. Besides, the society will lose its natural essence and the evolution of human species will be affected (Sureau 1999). 3.3 Gender imbalance Another unintended consequence of sex selection is gender imbalance. Gender preferences due to social and cultural factors may result in serious imbalances in some countries like India, Vietnam and China. For instance, in India, the sex ratio at birth is very high such that there are â€Å"914 girls for every 1,000 boys† (The Economist 2011). The negative implications of gender imbalance may subsequently lead to â€Å"marriage squeeze† whereby a shortage of women leaves fewer brides available for the large numbers of prospective grooms (Hvistendahl 2012). These imbalances are socially harmful because as they are linked to forced marriage, sexual violence, kidnapping and prostitution. 4.0 CONCLUSION â€Å"Childbirth is a complex series of molecular reactions and organic growth, and while doctors have learned much about the process, there is still much that is unknown† (Akchurin and Kartzke 2012). Technology has permitted humans to make choices on different ways on how to live their lives, but gender selection is all about allowing people making a choice about the life of someone else, which is not a decision for them to take as it severely affects the quality of life of the child in some way or another and can eventually have negative impacts on the society as a whole (Cloonman et al. 2007). However, as per the Human Genetics Alert Campaign Briefing (2002), it is pointless to ‘try to stop scientific advances’, but instead, it is better to focus on how to prevent any abuse. Policymakers need to be aware of the practice’s potential growth, and how it threatens gender equality and progress in their own countries (Gilles and Jacobs 2012). Hence, gender sel ection is a highly controversial issue as far as its applicability for medical and non-medical reasons is concerned and involves a debate that is outside the scope of this essay. BIBLIOGRAPHY Akchurin,W. and Kartzk, R., 2012. The Ethics of Gender Selection [online]. Available from: http://www.ethicapublishing.com/ ethical/3CH2.pdf. Bhaskar, V., and Gupta, B., 2007. India’s Missing Girls: Biology, Customs and Economic Development, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23, 221-238. Bhaskar, V., 2010. Sex Selection and Gender Balance. University College London. Cline, A., 2007. Gender Selection- Ethical Considerations New Technologies. [online]. Available from: http://atheism.about.com Cloonman, K., Crumley, C. and Kiymaz, S., 2007. Sex Selection: Ethical Issues. Developmental Biology. The New York Times. [Online]. Available from: http://8e.devbio.com Ganatra, B., 2008. Maintaining Access to Safe Abortion and Reducing Sex Ratio Imbalances in Asia. Reproductive Health Matters 16, 90-98. Gilles, K. and Feldman-JACOBS, C., 2012. When technology and tradition collide: from gender bias to sex selection. Policy brief- Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA, 1-5. Harris, J. 1997. Goodbye Dolly? The ethics of human cloning. J Med Ethics, (23), 353-360. Hesketh, T., and Zing, Z.W, 2006. Abnormal Sex Ratios in Human Populations: Causes and Consequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(36), 13271-75. Human Genetics Alert Campaign Briefing, 2002. The case against sex selection [online]. Human Genetics Alert, London. Available from: www.hgalert.org/sexselection.PDF Hvistendahl, M., 2012. Unnatural Selection: Choosing Boys Over Girls and the Consequences of a World Full of Men. Report of the International Workshop on Skewed Sex Ratios at Birth, UNFPA, New York. International debate education association, 2012. This house believes parents should be able to choose the sex of their children, [online]. Available from: http://idebate.org/es/cite/17669 JONES, O., 1992. Sex Selection: regulating technology enabling the predetermination of a childs gender. Harvard Journal of Law Technology, 6, 1-62. Leung, R., 2004. Choose the Sex of Your Baby. CBS News. [online]. Available from: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/04/13/60II/main611618.shtml Miller, B., 2001. Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates. Report of the International Workshop on Skewed Sex Ratios at Birth. American Anthropologist, 103 (4), 1083-95. Peterson-Iyer, K., 2004. Designer Children. Cleveland: The Pilgrim. 1-232. Silverman, A., 2005. Genetic Diseases. The Silverman Center for Gender Selection, [online]. Available from: http://www.gender-select.com Stein, R., 2004.A Boy for You, a Girl for Me: Technology Allows Choice. The Washington Post [online]. Available from:http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A62067-2004Dec13.html Sureau, C., 2007. Gender Selection: a Crime Against Humanity or the Exercise of a Fundamental Right? Oxford Journals Human Reproduction. [online]. Available from: http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org The Economist, 2011. Add sugar and spice.[online]. Available from: http://www.economist.com/node/18530101 U.N., 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.General Assembly United Nations. Available from: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml> Waters, B., 2001. Reproductive Technology. Cleveland: The Pilgrim. 1-148. World Health Organization (WHO), 2011. Preventing Gender-biased Sex Selection: An Interagency Statement. [online]. Available from: www.who.int/reproductivehealth

Siddhartha Vs. A Dolls House Essay -- essays research papers

Though Siddhartha and â€Å"A Doll’s House’ share a completely different storyline, they are very much similar because of the development of the main characters throughout the two stories. Nora, from the play â€Å"A Doll’s House,† changes her image after recognizing what kind of life she was living. Siddhartha, from the book Siddhartha, becomes aware that life cannot be taught, and that it had to be experienced first-hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both of the main characters seemed to have suddenly awakened from what I consider â€Å"enslavement of the mind.† I believe this because they are not free to think about things without the influence of their surrounding society. Nora notices that she is living her life in wretchedness at the end of the play, when she says, â€Å"†¦here is your ring back. Give me mine.† (Act III) This quote displays Nora’s ambition to move on in life and free her mind from the interrogations brought to her from Torvald. Siddhartha reaches this awakening while he is young. He mentions to his father about leaving the house to join the teachings of the Samanas. â€Å"†¦He moved on again and began to walk quickly and impatiently, no longer homewards, no longer to his father, no longer looking backwards.† This quote shows that Siddhartha is ready to move on and leave the everyday society, and beliefs of his parents. These quotes convey the spark of these characters’ new beliefs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nora, appearing as the ordinary housewife, really is not what she...